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1/28/2022

Mia Mottley and the Challenge of  Preserving a new Democracy

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​We   start with a rejoinder  to the Blog last week written by Professor Havelock Brewster, a most respected scholar and friend, in which the liberty is taken  to share his poignant ideas in their entirety. He challenges   “Quintessential  Leadership”  to launch bold new enterprises and prompts our  indulgence of sketches for  making democracy a reality.  
 
A quintessential leader needs to launch a bold new Barbadian Enterprise—A Rejoinder by Havelock Brewster
 
Yes, there are very  challenging - perhaps bordering on existential-  problems  of sustainable economic  development facing  Barbados, under Mottley’s leadership. From  the little I know,  Barbados policy seems to be like more of the same. I don't see new, course- changing orientations.,  learning from  new models - Iceland, Croatia,  Switzerland,  Lithuania, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius ….., 
 
Yet, this is the most propitious time for a quintessential leader to launch a   bold, new Barbadian enterprise. There being  zero opposition in Parliament, and a virtual absence of dissent or alternatives anywhere in society. 
 
It is surprising now how we ignore the flaws of (Western-type) democracy, even when as in the US  they are up in our face, and  assert  its perfection in  ubiquitous application, to the exclusion of all else. We overlook  how much such systems demean the ideal of government by the people for the people.   Might one not then be a little hesitant of the praiseworthiness of a system that results in zero representation in Parliament of a half or more  of the  population. This  faux democracy  is a condition that micro-States seem particularly susceptible to. A small space is the ideal  milieu  for  a charismatic Hero, whether benign or malignant, to  mesmerize a captive Crowd.  We’ve seen this play many times in several of the Eastern  Caribbean States, and in Barbados. And in some of  these cases  we have witnessed over long periods of time  “elected” dictatorships descend into exclusive, cruel, abusive, corrupt regimes. True, there are safeguards on the books- the rule of law, human rights, non- discrimination, equal opportunity, and  so on.  But surely these desiderata cannot replace representation of the people by the people.  
 
There is a regrettable paucity of research and  analysis of these “democratic” aberrations. It should surely be possible to come up with ideas to ameliorate their  shortcomings. For one thing, the present system of Western-style democracy in micro-States seems altogether out of date. It does  seem feasible/ realistic/ cost effective, especially in these days of  efficient and fast transportation and communication technologies, that, as a minimum, participatory (Swiss-style) democracy- as a proxy for government by the people for the people, could actually be implemented  in the  micro-States of the Caribbean. 
 
For those who speak of the Caribbean as a (new)  “Civilization”; for those who voice their disaffection with how the world is run by a handful of large, wealthy, and powerful countries in their own interest,  what better way to Lead the World Community than to put their money where their mouth is, by  moving beyond the Republic and Westminster,  towards  the creation of Real Democracies. 
 
PM Mottley’s New Regime 
 
Since this rejoinder was written Prime Minister Mottley has announced the appointment of a Deputy Prime Minister,  a smaller Cabinet of 20 members, from 26 in 2018.  It includes four Senior Ministers each to   coordinate the work of a cluster of ministries. She also announced that she will be seeking an amendment to the Constitution to reduce the age from 21 to 18 years for eligibility for appointment  to the Senate.   She has also institutionalized a system whereby each parliamentarian is to spend a prescribed period per week (1/2 a day) in his/her constituency and hold  regular constituency forums. These  policies are not novel nor do they meet the transformational levels for a bold new Barbadian enterprise.  But they are at least some steps toward making a difference.  And despite the low voter turnout which is increasingly the trend in “COVID elections“,  in Barbados no attempt was made to recapture power through denying access to the ballot box in general.  Without survey data, it is difficult  to ascertain if the low voter turnout at 45% percent was due to COVID restrictions, apathy or alienation.  
 
 
Making Democracy Real
 
Consideration must seriously be given to the kernel of the Rejoinder’s argument that there is need for research and analysis on the “political aberrations” of western style democracy especially in micro states like Barbados the pivot here is to consultation and advocacy, open government and public ethics. 
 
First,   reforms must be  driven by the idea of expanding and strengthening democracy and citizen participation. This means systematically examining the important  features of  constitutionalism  which include openness toward the recognition of collective rights of citizens as distinct from the underestimated tension between constitutional reforms and state reforms driven by international financial institutions.
 
Second, little scholarly attention has focused on the importance of the role of deputy prime ministers.   In the case of Barbados, the appointment of a Deputy Prime Minister may be interpreted as a clear signal of succession planning.   According to a comparative  study on political leadership this will depend on a display of  qualities such as temperament; relationships with the Cabinet and caucus; relationships with the party; popularity with the public; media skills; and leadership ambition. See Political Leadership: ​A Comparative  study 
https://www.routledge.com/Political-Leadership-Nascent-Statehood-and-Democracy-A-comparative-study/Moller-Schierenbeck/p/book/9781138683624
  
Third, is the case for proportional representation the essence of which  is that all votes contribute to the result—not just a plurality, or a bare majority.  Its application will surely eliminate  the faux democracy that results in zero representation in Parliament of a half or more  of the  population as in the cases of Barbados and Grenada. Of course there are other variations such as consociational democracy as in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Suriname that forges coalition governments and power sharing.  
 
Fourth, reforms should seek not only to restore representative democracy—which is itself momentous in overcoming military dictatorship especially in the political history of Latin America —  but also to create new spaces for citizen participation. Such reforms may be achieved  through the recognition and expansion of direct-democracy mechanisms such as popular consultations and referendums and second, through the creation of citizen bodies to control public affairs such as associations of users to oversee the management of public services.  In this regard, the new Bolivian and Ecuadorian constitutions stimulate new forms of participation—which seek to overcome the limitations of liberal democracy—and incorporate the recognition of the community democracy developed by indigenous peoples. 
 
USA - a Democratic Aberration 
 
Ironically, Professor Jay Mandle in a very interesting blog "The arc of Justice" in Democracy Matters, January 2022,   places in stark relief the "aberration of democracy" in the  USA.   As was the case after reconstruction, he identifies today's anti-democrats as explicitly attempting to purge the voting rolls by making registering and voting more difficult, by corrupting election administration, and by falsifying the counting and certifying of votes. His synopsis is blunt: 
 
"When people say that the arc of history bends towards justice, what they really mean is that the extent to which justice prevails depends on whether a population can defend itself against oppression. But successful defense requires political power, and political power means having access to the ballot box.    That is why the opponents of voting rights have always fought so hard. In the past, they have restricted the right to vote to protect their privileged access to power. Today, their attacks on voting rights seek to recapture the power that they fear they are losing.” 
"The arc of justice" - Money in my Mind  Democracy Matters, January 2022 
http://www.democracymatters.org/money-on-my-mind-2/money-on-my-mind-2/
 
Conclusion
 
As yet there is no evidence of this form of "democratic perversion" in Barbados and most of the Caribbean. But it is fair to say that quintessential leaders like Prime Minister Mottley can  launch a bold new enterprise in Barbados and  inspire a new politics in the Caribbean and beyond.  
 
 
Eddie Greene 

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1/21/2022

Some Reflections on Mia Mottley a Quintessential Leader and Challenges Ahead

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​Basking in her second straight landslide clean sweep victory,  Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley made her recurring  promise to uphold the values of Errol Barrow, the first post-independence prime minister of Barbados, who said Barbados would be “a friend of all and a satellite of none”.  Consider the significance of this BLP leader removing the political sand  under the platform of her opposition by aligning her vision with that of the former DLP leader.   Her decision to call a snap election reinforced her acute political sensibilities. When matched  against her spectacular articulation for social justice  on the international stage,  it  elevates her already high regard  as the Prime Minister from a small viable state with  an  incomparable global acclaim.  Most recently in November 2021, she  was the breakout star of COP26, in Glasgow  taking global leaders to task for their inaction on climate change. Hers is an innate gift of creative  leadership for which the Caribbean and the world are blessed to behold.  Barbados is indeed fortunate and from the results of the elections on January 19, 2022  Barbadians  know it  all too well. At the BLP’s final rally on the night before the Elections, Liz Thomas, Barbados’ Ambassador for climate change graphically  summarizes Mia Motley’s star qualities:  “White people from all over the globe say to me: how do I get a Barbados passport? Caribbean people say to us: ‘How do I get a Mia Motley?’, ‘I wish we had a Mia, give us Mia, lend us Mia’, but Barbados got Auntie Mia,” she said.
 
COVID, Voter Turn Out and Human Rights 
 
More than 266,000 people were eligible to vote, but preliminary information suggests that only 50% participated. More than 5,700 were unable to vote because of COVID-19 infections which disenfranchised them in accordance with the rules established for maintaining safety during the elections.  One  opposition candidate brought an injunction to stop the election on the basis that the regulation  would prevent those with COVID from voting and is  an infringement of their human rights. The court rejected it.  Others claimed that calling a snap election, especially during  COVID era was an abuse of power and portends to authoritarianism. This notwithstanding the fact that  it was within Prime Minister’s  constitutional entitlement  and she demonstrated shroud judgement.  
 
Several commentators  based on idiosyncratic  information and speculation,  wagered that  the majority of the BLP would be whittled away because of disaffection,  mainly due to the fact that the  Prime Minister foisted Republican status on the country without due consultation. Again notwithstanding that unlike most other Caribbean countries whose Constitutions require a referendum to decide this change,  Barbados’ Constitution has no such requirement. In addition,  a poll administered  by UWI Cave Hill political scientists,  Dr. Cynthia Barrow  found that while only a minority of Barbadians  wanted to retain the British monarchy as head of state,  most objected to the lack of consultation.
 
The objection by opposition groups to holding elections during the COVID era turned out to be a red herring.  A December 2021 Report from the International  Institute for Democratic and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) for example,  showed that  14 Latin America and Caribbean  countries had elections during the COVID era. These are  prior to those in Barbados.  It compared the  average of  elections between 1990-1999.  Of special interest is that information for 10 CARICOM Member and Associate member states revealed interesting results. Belize (+ 9%),  Suriname and St Vincent (+7)  and the Grenadines (+5) had higher turn outs in the COVID elections while there were lower turn out in others: Guyana (-7%), Trinidad and Tobago (-8%), St Kitts/Nevis (-11%), Anguilla (-13%), Bermuda (-15%),  and Jamaica (-21%). If the projected turnout for 2022 in Barbados is confirmed at 52% then its turn out will be 8% lower than in 2018.   See Global over view of COVID 19 - Impact on elections International IDEA https://www.idea.int/news-media/multimedia-reports/global-overview-covid-19-impact-elections
 
A Reemergence of the Hero and the Crowd 
 
Yet the margin of the 30-0 victory a second consecutive time  is unprecedented, even though Grenada’s governing New National Party led by Prime Minister, Dr. Keith  Mitchel boasts  3 such clean sweeps,   the last two in succession.  Like Grenada, Barbados benefited from a disorganized major opposition, Democratic Labour Party, whose leadership also lacked widespread appeal. So much so that the opposition groupings and independent candidates that competed against the BLP were unable to ride on the real or perceived  anger of those who  felt disaffected and or alienated from the government.  The inevitability of the opposition’s dilemma is partly  due to  its failure to learned lessons of pivoting its leadership as the BLP did when in 1993 Henry Forde (now Sir Henry) retired as Opposition leader on grounds of ill health, and made way for Owen Arthur with the talent to consolidate and widen the base of the party.   This led to its subsequent success in leading the BLP to power at the 1994 snap poll that resulted from the downfall of then Prime Minister Erskine Sandiford's DLP and to  electoral victories  in two other consecutive elections that followed. 
 
What is undeniable is that Mia Mottley, more than any other modern Caribbean leader has exuded the Charisma that characterized  Archie Singham’s book “The hero and the Crowd” in reference to the pre-colonial leadership, principally of Gary in Grenada, but more so  applicable to  Eric Williams, Errol Barrow and Michael Manley.  These are the heroes whose incarnation is jointly blossoming in the reflected radiance and brilliance of Mia  Mottley.
 
The Challenges Ahead 
 
Despite the BLP’s thumping victory,  there continues to be challenges ahead for the Mottley government. Barbados is reliant on long-haul flights and polluting cruise ships for much of its economy activity. These  are  in jeopardy due to COVID  restrictions.  Mia Mottley’s second term is likely to be dominated by efforts at recovering and diversifying Barbados’ post-COVID  economy.  As part of a loan deal with the International Monetary Fund, the Barbados' government needs to achieve a 6% surplus of GDP. This is likely  to lead to austerity measures.  But the Prime Minister is no doubt aware of the rocky road ahead. 
 
The BLP’s seminal  manifesto is replete with aspirational promises including placing priorities on financial security, nutrition, renewable energy, building 10,000 homes, investment in the medicinal cannabis industry, enhancing human capital by accelerating widespread training schemes, attracting  more “digital nomads”, and luring  back the Barbados diaspora. In  this regard,  Mia Mottley described  the elections in her inimitable style as, ”a stop to refuel and to continue transforming the country”.
 
It is clear that Mia Mottley more than many other leaders must feel that holding elections is the easy part. With such an overwhelming majority in parliament;  without the intervention of an opposition,  the challenge will be to sustain democracy to which she pledges is the mission of the new Republic of Barbados. That means among others upholding the rule of law, civil liberties, freedom of the press, gender equality, and government transparency.
 
A quotation from the book, Eric Williams: The Myth and the Man by Selwyn D. Ryan provides a pertinent refrain for Prime Minister Mottley and members of her government  to be sworn in by Dame Sandra Mason not as  a representative of Her Majesty the Queen, but in  her own right as President of the Republic of Barbados.   Democracy means much more than the right to vote for every man and every woman of the prescribed age. Democracy means recognition of the rights of others. Democracy means equality of opportunity for all in education, in the public service, and in private employment—I repeat, and in private employment. Democracy means the protection of the weak by the strong.– Eric Williams, Independence Day Address, 1962. 
 
 
Eddie Greene 
 

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1/6/2022

REFLECTING ON A  COVID Christmas and  Reality of Resolutions for the New Year

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​We begin the New Year with great uncertainty.  As we reflect on the overhang of a COVID year and a COVID Christmas,  New Year resolutions are conflicted by the simultaneous images of who are we and what are we becoming, tumultuous beckoning of justice and injustice, fundamental values of humanity against dehumanization,  affirmation  of  mature  communities based on trust  or those based on extremism leading to chaos.  2021 was indeed the year that was. It was a year that  established the challenges to be overcome. The most popular GOFAD blogs last year listed below on the basis of our readers choices foretold many.  We choose to highlight  Democracy, COVID-19, and   Climate Resilience.
 
 Prospects of Reversing the Fatal Weakening of U.S. Democracy 
 
Exactly one year ago, a violent mob broke into the United States Capitol in an effort to halt the certification of the electoral vote and overturn the 2020 election in favor of Donald Trump. While the insurrection was, thankfully, unsuccessful, its echoes continue to reverberate. One of the best illustrations of the dilemma is presented by Thomas Homer-Dixon  "The American polity is cracked, and might collapse- Canada must prepare" in Canada’s Globe and Mail January 2, 2022.   He may as well have inferred that the democratic world must be  prepared.  It is important to note that  in November 2021, 150 professors of politics, government, political economy and international relations  appealed to Congress to pass the Freedom to vote Act,  to protect the integrity of US elections. The problem to be tackled  is   Trump’s “Big Lie” that the 2020 presidential election was stolen from him. This  falsehood that nearly 70 per cent of Republicans now accept as true is such potent anti-democratic poison. Homer aptly describes the "big lie" amplified in outlets such as Fox News and Newsmax as “ the cracks have steadily widened, ramified, connected and propagated deeply into America’s once-esteemed institutions, profoundly compromising their structural integrity". 
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-the-american-polity-is-cracked-and-might-collapse-canada-must-prepare/?utm_source=Shared+Article+Sent+to+User&utm_medium=E-mail:+Newsletters+/+E-Blasts+/+etc.&utm_campaign=Shared+Web+Article+Links
 
The implication is that political extremism feeds on itself, pushing polarization toward an irreversible tipping point. As a result, the January 6 storming of the U.S. capitol must be understood in the context of a  series of factors . These  include  the rapid changing demographics that have reduced the percentage of non-Hispanic white Christians in America and inflamed the fears of  right-wing ideologues that the  traditional U.S. culture is being erased and whites are being replaced.  The renowned Harvard Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology    Dr. Theda Skocpol  in her recently edited volume puts it even more starkly, “The GOP has become a radicalized marriage of convenience between anti-government free-market plutocrats and racially anxious ethno-nationalist activists and voters”. 
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/upending-american-politics-9780190083533
 
These factors are compounded by two major factors.  First, elite selfishness with the wealthy and powerful in America  broadly unwilling to pay the taxes and  invest in  “build back better” public and social security services to reduce inequities. Second, Trumpism increasingly resembling  European fascism in its contempt for the rule of law and glorification of violence. The biggest danger stems from the  fact  that the people involved didn’t think they were attacking U.S. democracy – although they unquestionably were.  Instead, they believed their “patriotic” actions were needed to save it.
 
COVID's Public Health Response; Get the Vaccine 
 
New COVID  infections and new restrictions have curtailed social life, effected  trade, the supply chain,  commerce,  tourism and sport. The cancellation of flights made  Christmas 2021 a misery for tens of thousands of travelers and subdued New Year’s Eve festivities, many of which were cancelled.  
 
When the RNA vaccines became available just before Christmas 2020 they were hailed as  the most striking technological achievement  predicted to bring the pandemic  under control within months. Instead a series on unpredictable consequences, including the  reticence of developing countries to share in the distribution and access of vaccines together with an upsurge in anti-vaxxers,  revealed that  biomedical advances -- testing and vaccines -- are only half the battle. Those breakthroughs, along with genomic sequencing that can identify new variants and the promise of powerful antiviral pills, represent a revolutionary assault on the coronavirus.  Yet , a year later, little more than 60 percent of the U.S.  population are fully immunized with two RNA shots or a single dose of the Johnson & Johnson product.  In many developing countries that figure is less that 25 percent.  What this means is that the vaccines are providing huge benefits to individuals while failing to fulfill their public health potential of protecting the entire population. Nowhere is this better illustrated than the case of tennis star,  Djokovic, seemingly  caring  more about his anti-vaccine stance and  shattering Grand Slam records. The deportation of Djokovic by the Australian Government as we write is a stain not only on  Djokovic’s legacy, but also on the Australian Open and for tennis in general.  One sports commentator puts this in perspective when he said “if he goes home with a new understanding that the world doesn't bend to his will just because he’s great at hitting tennis balls, maybe Australia will have ultimately done him a favor.” It may also have disseminated a meaningful lesson to the world. 
 
Saving  our Planet: A Clarion Call 
 
In her end of the year Report,  WTO President,  Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala called for changes to ensure developing nations are resilient to the effects of extreme weather and pledged the removal of trade barriers around the world to  help tackle the climate crisis, enable a “just transition” away from fossil fuels and make developing countries more resilient to the impacts of global warming. At the same time, many are  skeptical of including climate issues, and fear that “environmental” standards insisted on by some developed countries would be used as a cover for raising barriers to cheap imports from the developing world. Green campaigners have at the same time claimed that the WTO has encouraged high-carbon trade.
 
Hon. Gaston Brown, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda,   Chair of the Small Island Development States (SIDS)   and the Caribbean Community during COP 26 highlighted  six key demands for World Leaders that, if met, should ensure developing countries like those in the Caribbean are not entirely submerged by rising sea levels. They include:
 
•   Decarbonize by rapidly phasing out fossil fuel extraction and ending subsidies.
•    Commit to climate finance for small island states to mitigate and adapt.
•     Ensure international institutions push harder for cooperation.
•     Cancel developing countries debt so they can deal with the impacts of climate change.
•   Implement a climate damages tax to make corporations compensate countries for climate related damage.
•     Commit to limit global heating by  1.5°C.
 
 
Honoring the Legacy of our Heroes and  Ancestors: Remembering Desmond Tutu 
 
As we beckon hopes of a Happy New Year, we give thanks to the front line workers, the real heroes during these COVID times. It is with sadness that we mourn those family members, colleagues and friends  who died during the past year and over the festive season.  We think and care for those who continue to suffer as climate  or political refugees. We therefore must contribute to, pledge  and  pray for peace and happiness especially for  those “left behind”.
 
GOFAD is particularly saddened by  the passing of the prince of a man,  Archbishop Desmond Tutu,  an advocate and believer in humanity, a truly fearless moral figure who spearheaded the tortuous journey from apartheid to democracy in South Africa.  He understood  that justice is not simply a concept to be grasped but a challenge to be lived.  In his words so relevant  as we contemplate  New Year's  resolutions: "Indifference to oppression victimizes the oppressed,  comforts the oppressor and grieves the very heart of God."  
 
 
Eddie Greene 
 
                             ELEVEN (11) MOST POPULAR of 50 BLOGS FOR 2021

  • The Miraculous Genius of Willard Wigan Jamaican Born Artist of Small Things 4/2/21
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/the-miraculous-genius-of-willard-wigan-jamaican-born-artist-of-small-things
  • Entombing Moments of Humiliation with the Ashes of a Disastrous Presidency 1/7/21
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/entombing-moments-of-humiliation-with-the-ashes-of-a-disastrous-presidency
  • Africa -Caribbean Summit – A landmark Bridge of hope 9/9/2021. 
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/africa-caricom-summit-a-landmark-bridge-of-hope
  • Professor Locksley Edmondson: His Contribution to Pan African Connection 5/20/2021
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/tribute-to-professor-locksley-edmondson-his-contribution-to-pan-african-connections
  • Can CARICOM Convert the Haitian Crisis into an Opportunity for Redemption 7/9/21 
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/can-caricom-convert-the-haitian-crisis-into-an-opportunity-for-redemption
  • The Caribbean Studies Association Raises the Question: Could Guyana be a catalyst for advancing oil and gas and Achieving a Green Economy 6/21/2021
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/the-caribbean-studies-association-raises-the-question-could-guyana-be-a-catalyst-for-advancing-oil-and-gas-and-achieving-a-green-economy
  • Professor Patricia Anderson Shines a Light on Masculinity and Fathering with Implications on Reimagining  Gender Relations 4/16/2021  
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/professor-patricia-anderson-shines-a-light-on-masculinity-and-fathering-with-implications-for-reimagining-gender-relations
  • Biden-Harris Inauguration and Hope of Rekindling The American Dream 1/20/2021
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/the-bidenharris-inauguration-and-hope-of-rekindling-the-american-dream
  • Discovering Emerging Transformative Leaders from the Caribbean – The Cowardice of Conviction Self Image as Friend or Foe -Kwame Ryan  1/14/2021 
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/discovering-emerging-transformative-leaders-from-the-caribbeanthe-cowardice-of-conviction-self-image-as-friend-or-foe-kwame-ryan
  • Ezinma Ramsay: Entertaining Electric Exuberant 10/14/21 
https://www.globalonefrontier.org/blog/ezinma-ramsay-entertaining-eclectic-exuberant
                                                              
 

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